Virtual Child Models
UMTRI has developed virtual child models representing a range of child sizes. These can be used with CAD versions of child restraints to check potential fit. An overview of the research was presented at a workshop in June 2015; links to the presentations are below.
Child Body Shape Modeling Presentation 6-23-2015
Virtual Toddler Briefing Presentation 6-23-2015
Humanshape.org contains tools that allow generation of realistic 3-dimensional shapes of standing and seated children and seated toddlers. In addition, we have generated several models representing specific combinations of child stature and weight that can be downloaded.
Child Restraint Fit Envelopes
The ISO has developed envelopes representing different sizes of child restraints that can improve compatibility between child restraints and vehicles. NHTSA has sponsored similar research at UMTRI do develop fit envelopes using US child restraint products. Results were shared at a workshop in June 2015; materials and publications related to the workshop and research are linked below.
NHTSA Envelopes Workshop Briefing 6-23-2015
Envelope instructions July 2015
Links to Drawings
Other Relevant Publications
Jones MH, Ebert SM, Reed MP, Klinich KD (2018) Development of a three-dimensional body shape model of young children for child restraint design. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 21(15):784-794. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1521960.
Boyle KJ, Malik LJ, Manary MA, Eby B, Hu J, Klinich KD (2017) Development of fit envelopes to promote compatibility among child restraints and vehicles, Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, Detroit, MI.
Hu J, Manary MA, Klinich KD, Reed MP (2015) Evaluation of ISO CRS Envelopes Relative to U.S. Vehicles and Child Restraint Systems. Traffic Injury Prevention. 16(8)781-5.
Klinich KD, Boyle K, Malik L, Manary M, Hu J. (2015) Installed Positions of Child Restraint Systems in Vehicle Second Rows SAE 2015 World Congress, SAE-2015-01-1452, Detroit, MI.
Klinich KD, Jones MH, Manary MA, Ebert SH, Boyle KJ, Malik L, Orton NR, Reed MP. (2020, April). Investigation of potential design and performance criteria for booster seats through volunteer and dynamic testing.DOT HS 812 919. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Klinich KD, Boyle KJ, Malik L, Manary MA, Eby B, Hu J. Development of Vehicle/Child restraint Compatibility Envelopes, UMTRI 2015-24, DOT HS 812 610, 2018
Manary MA, Klinich KD, & Orton NR. Assessment of ATD selection and use for testing of rear-facing child restraint systems for larger infants and toddlers. DOT HS 812 469, 2018.
Ebert SM, Klinich KD, Manary MA Malik LM, Reed MP. Toddler Lower Extremity Posture in Child Restraint Systems, UMTRI 2014-8, 2018
Kim KH, Jones MJH, Ebert SM, Malik L, Manary MA, Reed MP, Klinich KD. Development of Virtual Toddler Fit Models for Child Safety Fit Design. UMTRI 2015-38.
Manary MA , Orton NR, Klinich KD (2015) Comparing the CRABI-12 and CRABI-18 for Infant Child Restraint Evaluation, DOT HS 812 156