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Reports - Traffic Signs & Retroreflective Markings

The Effect of Headlamp Vertical Aim on Performance of a Lane Tracking System (Bao, Flannagan, Sayer, and Uchida), Report No. UMTRI-2011-48, December 2011.

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Heavy Trucks, Conspicuity Treatment, and the Decline of Collision Risk in Darkness (Sullivan and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2011-18, September 2011.

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The Conspicuity of First-Responder Safety Garments (Tuttle, Sayer, and Buonarosa), Report No. UMTRI-2008-4, April 2008.

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Recent Changes in Headlamp Illumination Directed Toward Traffic Signs (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2006-31, September 2006.

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Conspicuity of High-Visibility Safety Apparel During Civil Twilight (Sayer and Mefford), Report No. UMTRI-2006-13, June 2006.

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Further Crash Evidence About the Nighttime Visibility of Trucks (Sullivan), Report No. UMTRI-2005-22, September 2005.

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The Roles of Garment Design and Scene Complexity in the Daytime Conspicuity of High-Visibility Safety Apparel (Sayer and Mefford), Report No. UMTRI-2005-5, February 2005.

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Mercury-Free HID Headlamps: Glare and Color Rendering (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2004-37, November 2004.

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The Roles of Retroreflective Arm Treatments and Arm Motion in Nighttime Pedestrian Conspicuity (Sayer and Mefford), Report No. UMTRI-2004-21, October 2004.

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Visibility and Rear-End Collisions Involving Light Vehicles and Trucks (Sullivan and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2004-14, June 2004.

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LED Headlamps: Glare and Color Rendering (Sivak, Schoettle, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2003-39, November 2003.

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High-Visibility Safety Apparel and the Nighttime Conspicuity of Pedestrians in Work Zones (Sayer and Mefford), Report No. UMTRI-2003-29, September 2003.

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Factors Affecting Color Correction of Retroreflective Markings (Sayer, Mefford, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-2001-27, September 2001.

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Post-Mounted Delineators and Perceptual Cues for Long-Range Guidance During Night Driving (Schumann), Report No. UMTRI-2000-42, November 2000.

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The Effect of Color Contrast on Daytime and Nighttime Conspicuity of Roadworker Vests (Sayer and Mefford), Report No. UMTRI-2000-35, September 2000.

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Nighttime Visibility of Retroreflective Pavement Markings From Trucks Versus Cars (Rumar, Sivak, Traube, and Miyokawa), Report No. UMTRI-99-34, November 1999.

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Effects of Color on the Detection of Retroreflective Pedestrian Markings by Normal and Color Deficient Drivers (Sayer, Mefford, Flannagan, and Sivak), Report No. UMTRI-99-6, May 1999.

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Lane Markings in Night Driving: A Review of Past Research and of the Present Situation (Rumar and Marsh), Report No. UMTRI-98-50, November 1998.

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Effects of Retroreflective Marking Color on Pedestrian Detection Distance (Sayer, Mefford, Flannagan, Sivak, Traube, and Kojima), Report No. UMTRI-98-8, March 1998.

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Brightness of Colored Retroreflective Materials (Schumann, Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, Hashimoto, and Kojima), Report No. UMTRI-96-33, November 1996.

Effects of Retroreflector Positioning on Nighttime Recognition of Pedestrians (Luoma, Schumann, and Traube), Report No. UMTRI-95-18, June 1995.

In-Traffic Evaluations of High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps: Overall Performance and Color Appearance of Objects (Sivak, Flannagan, Traube, Battle, and Sato), Report No. UMTRI-93-3, January 1993.

Ranges of Stop Sign Chromaticity under Tungsten-Halogen and High-Intensity Discharge Illumination (Flannagan, Sivak, Gellatly, and Luoma), Report No. UMTRI-92-17, May 1992.

The Influence of Truck Driver Eye Position on the Effectiveness of Retroreflective Traffic Signs (Sivak, Flannagan, and Gellatly), Report No. UMTRI-91-35, September 1991.

Subjective Preferences for the Red Color of Stop Signs: Implications for the Design of High-Intensity-Discharge Headlamps
(Sivak, Flannagan, Gellatly, and Luoma), Report No. UMTRI-91-27, June 1991.

Color of Retroreflective Traffic Sign Materials when Illuminated by High-Intensity-Discharge Headlights (Simmons, Sivak, and Flannagan), Report No. UMTRI-89-7, March 1989.

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Abstracts for reports published from 1997 to the present are available as Adobe Acrobat files (.pdf).

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Contact IAP

Michael J. Flannagan portrait

Michael J. Flannagan

E: mjf@umich.edu
P: 734-764-4158
F: 734-764-1221

University of Michigan
Transportation Research Institute
2901 Baxter Rd.
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150

Human Factors
Room 304